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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission will shortly decide whether to authorize the new transmission lines which will get renewable energy distributed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>They are under pressure not to do that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>
</font></font><a href="http://grist.org/climate-energy/the-five-most-important-people-for-renewables/?utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter&sub_email=atilley@unf.edu"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://grist.org/climate-energy/the-five-most-important-people-for-renewables/?utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_source=newsletter&sub_email=atilley@unf.edu</font></a>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The Geneva Association has published “Warming of the Oceans and Implications for the (Re)Insurance Industry” (32 pages).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>It calls for a shift from an historical to a predictive base for insurance rates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Further, to avoid market failure, risk transfer must be coupled to risk mitigation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>That is to say, the insurance industry must become engaged in climate disruption mitigation efforts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="https://www.genevaassociation.org/media/616661/GA2013-Warming_of_the_Oceans.pdf"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">https://www.genevaassociation.org/media/616661/GA2013-Warming_of_the_Oceans.pdf</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3" face="Calibri">The insurance industry has calculated risk on an historical basis with a horizon of only one or two years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Price signals are therefore not expected to aid climate adaptation efforts by, say, alerting coastal property owners to the impending destabilization of their communities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>An extensive study by Australia’s CSIRO supports this point of view. </font>
<a href="http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/admin/publication_files/2013.17.pdf"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/admin/publication_files/2013.17.pdf</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Geneva study calls on the industry to make changes which would alter that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>In a previous email I referred to this study’s questioning the insurability of Florida for wind storms (page 21).<o:p></o:p></font></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A new understanding of the processes by which ice sheets calve should help attempts to include it in models.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>As it is, calving, which accounts for about half the contributions of ice sheets to sea level rise, is not modeled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The new study finds that the Pine Island Glacier in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet fits the criteria for catastrophic disintegration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="http://www.ns.umich.edu/new/multimedia/videos/21600-sea-level-rise-new-iceberg-theory-points-to-areas-at-risk-of-rapid-disintegration"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://www.ns.umich.edu/new/multimedia/videos/21600-sea-level-rise-new-iceberg-theory-points-to-areas-at-risk-of-rapid-disintegration</font></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><font size="3" face="Calibri"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A Danish study finds that greenhouse gas release from melted permafrost is greatly slowed by high soil moisture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The findings should help in modeling the effects of thawed permafrost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="http://www.enn.com/climate/article/46259?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ClimateChangeNews-Enn+%28Climate+Change+News+-+ENN%29"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://www.enn.com/climate/article/46259?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+ClimateChangeNews-Enn+%28Climate+Change+News+-+ENN%29</font></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Venus is in a permanent superheated state from a runaway greenhouse effect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>While earth has such a future, it is unlikely that we could manage to inspire it (as James Hansen, who did his dissertation on the climate of Venus, has feared).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="http://grist.org/climate-energy/could-greenhouse-gases-turn-earth-into-venus/?utm_source=syndication&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=feed"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://grist.org/climate-energy/could-greenhouse-gases-turn-earth-into-venus/?utm_source=syndication&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=feed</font></a><u><font size="3"><font color="#0000ff"><font face="Calibri"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">On the other hand, the Venus syndrome is more easily triggered that we had supposed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/3246/20130731/runaway-greenhouse-stage-more-easily-triggered-planets-once-thought-study.htm"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/3246/20130731/runaway-greenhouse-stage-more-easily-triggered-planets-once-thought-study.htm</font></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">6.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Science</i> study finds a strong correlation between climate changes and violence, whether by persons or groups.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="http://climatedesk.org/2013/08/global-warming-could-cause-50-percent-increase-in-violent-conflict/"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://climatedesk.org/2013/08/global-warming-could-cause-50-percent-increase-in-violent-conflict/</font></a><font size="3"><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A Bloomberg editorial puts the finding into US political context.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-01/our-hotter-wetter-more-violent-future.html"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-01/our-hotter-wetter-more-violent-future.html</font></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><font size="3" face="Calibri"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font size="3"><font face="Calibri">7.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Climate change this century will be as great as anything in the last 65 million years but “orders of magnitude” more rapid, with implications for the extinction rate as species fail to adapt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The article observes that we have it in our power to moderate the situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></font><a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/486"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Calibri">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/486</font></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font size="3" face="Calibri">
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