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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Calibri">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Coal plants with carbon capture and sequestration are underway at several sites and a few are in operation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The picture is full of trade-offs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>
A Saskatchewan project sequesters 90% of the carbon but uses it to recover oil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>All cost a lot and use extra coal to trap the carbon. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/news/531531/carbon-sequestration-too-little-too-late/?utm_campaign=newsletters&utm_source=newsletter-weekly-energy&utm_medium=email&utm_content=20141013"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.technologyreview.com/news/531531/carbon-sequestration-too-little-too-late/?utm_campaign=newsletters&utm_source=newsletter-weekly-energy&utm_medium=email&utm_content=20141013</font></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Finally, we do not need (and should not develop) ways to keep on producing and burning more fossil fuel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>We could remove CO2 from the air using amines—but the major market for the CO2 is enhanced recovery of oil, and in that situation whatever energy we put into CO2 recovery would better be used to retire coal/natural gas power production.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/531346/can-sucking-co2-out-of-the-atmosphere-really-work/?utm_campaign=newsletters&utm_source=newsletter-weekly-energy&utm_medium=email&utm_content=20141013"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/531346/can-sucking-co2-out-of-the-atmosphere-really-work/?utm_campaign=newsletters&utm_source=newsletter-weekly-energy&utm_medium=email&utm_content=20141013</font></span></a><font face="Calibri"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><u><font color="#0563c1">
</font></u></span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">If we do employ CCS, measurements of volcanic CO2 trapped in New Mexico’s Bravo Dome shows that saline aquifers can sequester CO2 for a million years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span><a href="http://news.sciencemag.org/chemistry/2014/10/storing-greenhouse-gas-underground-million-years"><font color="#0563c1">http://news.sciencemag.org/chemistry/2014/10/storing-greenhouse-gas-underground-million-years</font></a>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Calibri">2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Rising temperatures and increased CO2 can degrade the rebar in concrete ahead of the projected time, resulting in crumbling bridges and buildings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/10/11/for-concrete-climate-change-may-mean-shorter-lifespan/rJ8vWjSp2xRShwFmDS6lQJ/story.html"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/10/11/for-concrete-climate-change-may-mean-shorter-lifespan/rJ8vWjSp2xRShwFmDS6lQJ/story.html</font></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Calibri">3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>As more Pacific islanders are becoming climate refugees, New Zealand has recognized climate disruption as a factor in granting asylum to people in forced migration (along with escaping political persecution, the usual legal grounds for accepting refugees).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Island spokespeople are asking that other nations follow New Zealand’s lead.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/14/island-nations-shouldnt-be-left-to-drown-from-climate-change"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/14/island-nations-shouldnt-be-left-to-drown-from-climate-change</font></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Calibri">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The Pentagon has released a report naming climate disruption as an immediate threat to national security as it triggers terrorism, disease, poverty, and food shortages, among other humanitarian crises.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The report foresees mass forced migrations destabilizing whole regions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>(As a senator, Defense Secretary Hagel, who is calling for extensive preparation to deal with the challenges of climate, sponsored legislation to block US participation in the Kyoto Protocol.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Now he is posing a major challenge to deniers among his former Republican colleagues as he attempts to build a global agreement to act on climate.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/14/us/pentagon-says-global-warming-presents-immediate-security-threat.html?_r=5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/14/us/pentagon-says-global-warming-presents-immediate-security-threat.html?_r=5</font></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The report, released at a meeting of thirty defense ministers, marks a change from planning for climate disruption as a “threat multiplier” in the future (language still in use) to confronting it as an “immediate risk” as well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/oct/13/pentagon-global-warming-will-change-how-us-military-trains-and-goes-to-war"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/oct/13/pentagon-global-warming-will-change-how-us-military-trains-and-goes-to-war</font></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font face="Calibri">5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Plants absorb more CO2 than previously thought.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Models will have to be adjusted, but the general climate picture is not expected to change greatly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font></span><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29601644"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29601644</font></span></a><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri">
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