<html dir="ltr"><head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=Windows-1252">
<style id="owaTempEditStyle"></style><style title="owaParaStyle"><!--P {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px
}
--></style>
</head>
<body ocsi="x">
<div style="FONT-SIZE: x-small; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; COLOR: #000000; DIRECTION: ltr">
<div></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Tahoma"><font size="3"><font size="4"><font size="3"><font size="3"><font size="3">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Calibri">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>We depend on the Energy Information Agency for accurate forecasts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>They have spectacularly overestimated the use of fossil fuels and as spectacularly underestimated development of renewables.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Greenpeace and Amory Lovins have come much closer to accurate projection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font><a href="http://climatecrocks.com/2014/11/26/energy-establishment-stupendously-spectacularly-chronically-woefully-comically-wrong-on-energy-trends/"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://climatecrocks.com/2014/11/26/energy-establishment-stupendously-spectacularly-chronically-woefully-comically-wrong-on-energy-trends/</font></a>
<?xml:namespace prefix = "o" ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><font face="Calibri"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Calibri">2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>15% of the energy in a building goes for air conditioning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A mirror on the roof radiating heat back into space will reduce energy use significantly, saving 100MWh yearly on a three story building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/nov/26/mirrors-air-conditioning-heat-space"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/nov/26/mirrors-air-conditioning-heat-space</font></a><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A large scale project of reflecting sunlight back into space could have disastrous consequences, worsening floods and droughts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/26/geoengineering-could-offer-solution-last-resort-climate-change"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/26/geoengineering-could-offer-solution-last-resort-climate-change</font></a><font face="Calibri"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><u><font color="#0563c1">
</font></u></span></span>General use of mirrors to lower energy use for air conditioning is projected in the first article to have little impact on climate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Still, if it were to be coupled with a program of white roofs for residences, we would need to watch for impacts.<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><font face="Calibri"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Calibri">3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The US position on international emissions controls is that they should be based on intended nationally determined contributions (INDC).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The model is the recent climate agreement between the US and China, based not on a single negotiated program but on programs devised independently by the two nations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The European Union has announced its own intended contributions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A meeting in Paris next December is expected to orchestrate INDCs and such programs as the EU’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A meeting of representatives from 190 nations in Lima, Peru, which continues next week will attempt to formulate rules about how the INDCs are couched and what they should cover.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>One goal for the year ahead is likely to be a global system yielding a price or prices on carbon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font><a href="http://www.climatecentral.org/news/whats-at-stake-in-lima-climate-talks-18388"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.climatecentral.org/news/whats-at-stake-in-lima-climate-talks-18388</font></a><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The EU position is that the yield of the coming year’s talks must be legally binding targets, which the US opposes, equipped as we are with a Republican legislature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>It is a challenge to harmonize the EU position with the setting of INDCs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/27/un-climate-change-deal-must-have-legally-binding-targets-says-eu"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/nov/27/un-climate-change-deal-must-have-legally-binding-targets-says-eu</font></a><font face="Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>ABC provides a useful overview of the Lima talks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font><a href="http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/rare-optimism-ahead-climate-talks-lima-27246840"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/rare-optimism-ahead-climate-talks-lima-27246840</font></a><font face="Calibri">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><font face="Calibri"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Calibri">4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Globally orchestrated carbon markets or carbon taxes (if not a unified price on carbon) would be a centrally significant outcome of the year’s negotiations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A set of socialist governments in Latin America is the most likely source of opposition to such a market system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font><a href="http://www.rtcc.org/2014/11/26/call-for-un-climate-deal-to-support-carbon-market-links/"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://www.rtcc.org/2014/11/26/call-for-un-climate-deal-to-support-carbon-market-links/</font></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><font face="Calibri"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><font face="Calibri">5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Researchers at the U of Wollongong are developing a wind turbine which produces power at 1/3 the cost—and that is already as low as 1.5 cents/kwh in the US.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The new design also promises to be 1,000 times more efficient, which I suppose points toward improved power at low wind speed, opening up new areas to wind power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></font><a href="http://climatecrocks.com/2014/11/28/next-wind-turbines-at-13-the-cost/"><font color="#0563c1" face="Calibri">http://climatecrocks.com/2014/11/28/next-wind-turbines-at-13-the-cost/</font></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Calibri">
</font></span><o:p></o:p></p>
</font></div>
</font></font></font></font></font></div>
</body>
</html>