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<span style="font-size:12.0pt" class="ContentPasted0">1. The 27 COPs to date have failed to produce a reduction of emissions. Bill McGuire tells us what he thinks is going wrong and suggests that it is time to restructure, perhaps with focused groups who are
in regular contact and liaise to produce agreements on such areas as agriculture, energy, and loss and damage. The 600 fossil fuel reps</span>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt" class="ContentPasted0">who attended COP 27 need not apply.
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes" class="ContentPasted0"> </span></span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/nov/20/big-takeaway-cop27-climate-conferences-arent-working" class="ContentPasted0"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/nov/20/big-takeaway-cop27-climate-conferences-arent-working</span></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt" class="ContentPasted0">2. In the past, methane hydrates formed under ice sheets in the Arctic. When those sheets melted 12,000 years ago, the hydrates released their methane in massive expulsions. Their craters are still leaking
methane. When the West Antarctic ice sheets melt we can expect their hydrates to melt, giving up their methane in a similar fashion. A six-minute video features experts in the area observing that the rate of release from hydrates is moderated by their thermodynamics,
and that methane release generally is under our control—we can avoid much of it by reducing our emissions.
<a href="https://climatecrocks.com/2022/11/22/massive-methane-craters-on-ocean-floor-new-assessment/" class="ContentPasted0">
https://climatecrocks.com/2022/11/22/massive-methane-craters-on-ocean-floor-new-assessment/</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt" class="ContentPasted0">3. Aerosols from soot and other pollutants will decrease quickly and markedly as we cease burning fossil fuels. They have been masking us from heat by reflecting some of the sun’s heat back into space. In
highly polluting regions such as India and China, the short-term effect of reduced emissions will be increased heat and the bad weather that brings. Regional forecasts should reflect and prepare for aerosol reduction.
<a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-11-climate-changing-aerosols-scientists.html" class="ContentPasted0">
https://phys.org/news/2022-11-climate-changing-aerosols-scientists.html</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt" class="ContentPasted0">4. Decreasing aerosols over Europe as coal burning has lessened are a factor in a hotter and drier European climate.
<a href="https://phys.org/news/2022-11-large-europe-fast-planet-average.html" class="ContentPasted0">
https://phys.org/news/2022-11-large-europe-fast-planet-average.html</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt" class="ContentPasted0">5. “A Toolkit for understanding and addressing climate skepticism” (Nature Human Behavior, 16 Nov. 2022) holds some surprises. Conservatism correlated with climate concern in the US during the ‘90s, and
still does in some countries. Skepticism generally correlates more positively with per capita carbon emissions. In the US, education and scientific sophistication correlate not with climate concern but with polarization. People tend to develop opinions through
motivated reasoning, which begins with a position and seeks reasons to support it. The article ends with six suggestions for dealing with climate skepticism.
<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01463-y" class="ContentPasted0">
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01463-y</a><o:p class="ContentPasted0"> </o:p></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt" class="ContentPasted0">6. The article above is part of a joint special on Climate Change and Human Behavior by the journals Nature Human Behavior and Nature Climate Change. All articles in Nature Human Behavior and the editorial
in Nature Climate Change have been made available to the general public. (You can read the abstracts in Nature Climate Change.)
<a href="https://www.nature.com/collections/icdbhbbibg?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&utm_campaign=2547a8ae9f-briefing-dy-20221122&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-2547a8ae9f-47505448" class="ContentPasted0">
https://www.nature.com/collections/icdbhbbibg?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&utm_campaign=2547a8ae9f-briefing-dy-20221122&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-2547a8ae9f-47505448</a><span style="mso-spacerun:yes" class="ContentPasted0">
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